Short term efficacy of 3D printed individualized prosthesis for precise reconstruction of bone and joint defects after upper limb microsurgical repair / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of 3D printed individualised prosthesis in treating bone and joint defects in upper limbs remained after earlier microsurgical repairs.Methods:From June 2019 to September 2021, 12 patients were treated in the Institute of Orthopaedic Trauma of PLA, the 80th Group Army Hospital for bone and joint defects in upper limb that had been remained after earlier repairs with soft tissue flaps. The defects were: 1 in completely severed wrist, 2 defects of digit metacarpal bone, 4 defects of interphalangeal joint, 4 defects of bones in radiocarpal joint and 1 defect of lunate bone. The area of soft tissue defect ranged from 1.5 cm×3.0 cm to 12.0 cm×18.0 cm, and the length of bone defects ranged from 2.5 to 8.5(average 3.64) cm. For incompletely severed and completely severed limbs, replantation of severed limbs (digits) were performed in the primary surgery and the repair of soft tissue defects were performed in the second stage surgery. The remaining defects of bone and joint were reconstructed by 3D printed individualised prostheses in the third stage surgery. Finger soft tissue defects were covered with a local flap in the primary surgery, and bone and joint defects were reconstructed with a 3D printed prosthesis in the second surgery. Finger soft tissue defects were covered with a local flap in the first phase, and bone and joint defects were reconstructed with a 3D printed prosthesis in the second phase. After the surgery, the bone integration between the broken end of the bone joint defect and the prosthesis was determined based on the X-ray results and the Paley fracture healing score standard. Simultaneously measured the Total Active Motion(TAM) of the forearm and hand joints. At 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after hospital discharge. Follow-up X-ray examinations were taken followed by examinations on the recovery of soft tissues and bones. The upper limb function was graded according to the Evaluation Trial Standards of Upper Limb Partial Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association.Results:Postoperative follow-up at outpatient clinic lasted for 6 to 26 months, with an average of 11.5 months. All flaps were free from necrosis and infection, also there was no infection in bones and joints. According to the Paley fracture healing scale, 10 patients were in excellent and 2 in good. In addition, according to the Evaluation Trial Standards of Upper Limb Partial Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association, 5 patients achieved upper limb function in excellent, 5 in good and 2 in fair. The ranges of motion of the affected wrists were 30°-42°(average 37.3°) for the implanted prostheses of distal end of radius and the radial shaft. Wrist flexion 40° to 55°(average 43.5°). The range of motion of finger and wrist was 60° to 70°(average 65.7°) with a metacarpal and phalangeal bone prosthesis.Conclusion:3D printed individually customised prostheses are safe, accurate and effective in repair of the remained bone and joint defects in upper limbs after primary and early stages of microsurgical flap repairs. It can effectively restore anatomical structures of bone and joint in upper limbs.

Symbiosis between hyperaccumulators and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their synergistic effect on the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals: a review / 生物工程学报

The remediation of heavy-metal (HM) contaminated soil using hyperaccumulators is one of the important solutions to address the inorganic contamination widely occurred worldwide. Hyperaccumulators are able to hyperaccumulate HMs, but their planting, growth, and extraction capacities are greatly affected by HM stress. The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhances the function of hyperaccumulators by combining the functional advantages of both, improving the efficiency of remediation, shortening the remediation cycle, and maintaining the stability and persistence of the remediation. Thus, the combined use of AMF with hyperaccumulators has broad prospects for application in the management of increasingly complex and severe HM pollution. This review starts by defining the concept of hyperaccumulators, followed by describing the typical hyperaccumulators that were firstly reported in China as well as those known to form symbioses with AMF. This review provides a systematic and in-depth discussion of the effects of AMF on the growth of hyperaccumulators, as well as the absorption and accumulation of HMs, the effects and mechanism on the hyperaccumulator plus AMF symbiosis to absorb and accumulate HMs. AMF enhances the function of hyperaccumulators on the absorption and accumulation of HMs by regulating the physicochemical and biological conditions in the plant rhizosphere, the situation of elements homeostasis, the physiological metabolism and gene expression. Moreover, the symbiotic systems established by hyperaccumulators plus AMF have the potential to combine their abilities to remediate HMs-contaminated habitat. Finally, challenges for the combined use of remediation technologies for hyperaccumulator plus AMF symbiosis and future directions were prospected.

Acupuncture adjuvant treatment for dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of acupuncture on swallowing function and nutritional status of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) dysphagia.@*METHODS@#A total of 56 patients with PD dysphagia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 28 cases in each one. Both groups were given conventional treatment and swallowing function rehabilitation training.On the basis, the observation group was treated with acupuncture (filiform needling and tongue picking acupuncture). The acupoints of filiform needling were Lianquan (CV 23), Shanglianquan (Extra), Yifeng (TE 17), etc.; and the tongue picking acupuncture was applied at Jinjin (EX-HN 12), Yuye (EX-HN 13) and posterior pharyngeal wall. Rehabilitation training and acupuncture were performed once a day for 5 consecutive days a week, 2 weeks as a course of treatment, 3 courses in total. The swallowing function [oral transit time (OTT), swallowing response time (SRT), pharyngeal transit time (PTT), laryngeal closure duration (LCD)] and nutritional indexes [body mass index (BMI), serum albumin (ALB), serum prealbumin (PA), hemoglobin (Hb)] in the two groups were evaluated before and after treatment, and the clinical effects were compared.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the paste and liquid OTT, SRT, PTT, LCD in the two groups were shorter than those before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture-assisted rehabilitation training can improve the swallowing function and nutritional status in patients with Parkinson's disease swallowing disorders.

Post-Marketing Surveillance of Qishe Pill () Use for Management of Neck Pain in a Chinese Patient Cohort to Determine its Safety, Tolerability and Effectiveness / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Qishe Pill () on neck pain in real-world clinical practice.@*METHODS@#A multi-center, prospective, observational surveillance in 8 hospitals across Shanghai was conducted. During patients receiving 4-week Qishe Pill medication, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) assessments have been used to assess their pain and function, while safety monitoring have been observed after 2 and 4 weeks.@*RESULTS@#Results from 2,023 patients (mean age 54.5 years) suggest that the drug exposure per unit of body mass was estimated at 3.41 ± 0.62 g/kg. About 8.5% (172/2,023) of all participants experienced adverse events (AEs), while 3.8% (78/2,023) of all participants experienced adverse reaction. The most common AEs were gastrointestinal events and respiratory events. The VAS score (pain) and NDI score (function) significantly decreased after 4-week treatment. An effect-quantitative analysis was also conducted to show that the normal clinical dosage may be consider as 3-4 g/kg, at which dosage the satisfactory pain-relief effect may achieve by 40-mm reduction in VAS.@*CONCLUSION@#These findings showed that patients with cervical radiculopathy who received Qishe Pill experienced significant improvement on pain and function. (Registration No. NCT01875562).

Surgical exposures of the distal humeral fractures: An anatomical study of the anterior, posterior, medial and lateral approaches / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Exposure of the articular surface is the key to the successful treatment of intra-articular fractures of distal humerus. Anterior, posterior olecranon osteotomy as well as medial and lateral approaches are the four main approaches to the elbow. The aim of this study was to compare the exposure of distal articular surfaces of these surgical approaches.@*METHODS@#Twelve cadavers were used in this study. Each approach was performed on six elbows according to previously published procedures. After completion of each approach, the exposed articular surfaces were marked by inserting 0.5 mm K-wires along the margins. The elbow was then disarticulated and the exposed articular surfaces were painted. The distal humeral articular surfaces were then closely wrapped using a piece of fibre-glass screen net with meshes. The exposed articular surfaces and the total articular surfaces were calculated by counting the number of meshes, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The average percentages of the exposed articular surfaces for the anterior, posterior olecranon osteotomy, medial and lateral approaches were 45.7% ± 2.0%, 53.9% ± 7.1%, 20.6% ± 4.9% and 28.5% ± 6.3%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The anterior and posterior approaches provide greater exposures of distal humeral articular surface than the medial and lateral ones in the treatment of distal humeral fractures.

Long Noncoding RNA Signature and Disease Outcome in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Tamoxifen / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: Recent data have shown that the expression levels of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with tamoxifen sensitivity in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Herein, we constructed an lncRNA-based model to predict disease outcomes of ER-positive breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. METHODS: LncRNA expression information was acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus by re-mapping pre-existing microarrays of patients with ER-positive breast cancer treated with tamoxifen. The distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) predictive signature was subsequently built based on a Cox proportional hazard regression model in discover cohort patients, which was further evaluated in another independent validation dataset. RESULTS: Six lncRNAs were found to be associated with DMFS in the discover cohort, which were used to construct a tamoxifen efficacy-related lncRNA signature (TLS). There were 133 and 362 patients with TLS high- and low-risk signatures in the discover cohort. Both univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated that TLS was associated with DMFS. TLS high-risk patients had worse outcomes than low-risk patients, with a hazard ratio of 4.04 (95% confidence interval, 2.83–5.77; p < 0.001). Both subgroup analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that TLS performed better in lymph node-negative, luminal B, 21-gene recurrence score high-risk, and 70-gene prognosis signature high-risk patients. Moreover, in a comparison of the 21-gene recurrence score and 70-gene prognosis signature, TLS showed a similar area under receiver operating characteristic curve in all patients. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated that TLS high-risk patients showed different gene expression patterns related to the cell cycle and nucleotide metabolism from those of low-risk patients. CONCLUSION: This six-lncRNA signature was associated with disease outcome in ER-positive breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen, which is comparable to previous messenger RNA signatures and requires further clinical evaluation.

Clinical Observation of Treatment of Qishen Xiaodian Decoction Combined with Laser Acupoint Irradiation for Recurrent Hen?ch-Sch?nlein Purpura in Children / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Qishen Xiaodian Decoction combined with laser acupoint irradiation for treatment of recurrent Hen?ch-Sch?nlein purpura (HSP) in children. Methods Totally 120 cases of children with recurrent HSP were divided into treatment group and control group according to the digital random table method, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was given anti-allergy, hormones, immunosuppressive agents and other conventional treatment for 4 weeks, while the treatment group was treated with Qishen Xiaodian Decoction based on conventional treatment, 1 dose each day, morning and night (age 4–5 take 1/3 dose, age >5–10 take the half dose, and age >10–14 take the whole dose), for 4 weeks. Zusanli, Xuehai, and Sanyinjiao acupoints were under laser vertical irradiation, 12 min for each time, once a day for 2 weeks. The disappearing time of the main symptoms and the total effective rate of the two groups were compared. Peripheral blood contents of Th17 and Treg cells and serum interleukin-17 (IL-17), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) level before and after the treatment were observed. The recurrence rate in 6 months and in 12 months of the two groups were compared. Results The disappearing time of rash, abdominal pain and joint swelling pain and kidney damage of the treatment group were less than those of the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 95％(57/60) in treatment group, significantly higher than control group 80％ (48/60), with statistical significance (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, Th17 cell content, serum IL-17 and TGF-β1 decreased, and Treg cell content increased after treatment of the two groups (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, contents of Th17 cell and serum IL-17 of the treatment group decreased (P<0.01). The recurrence rate was lower than that of the control group in 6 and 12 months after treatment, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Based on the conventional western medicine treatment, Qishen Xiaodian Decoction combined with laser acupoint irradiation on recurrent HSP in children can quickly relieve symptoms and reduce the recurrence rate.

A study on the concentration of sulfites in foods by online dialysis - ion chromatography method / 预防医学

Objective To establish a rapid and accurate detecting method for sulfite in food residues. Methods Applying an fluorine ionsalkali - stable liquid to extract ultrasonically. After removing the suspended substances by high - speed centrifugation,we used online dialysis - ion chromatography to determine sulfite. Chromatographic conditionswere set as follows:Metrosep A Supp 5 - 150 / 4. 0 anion analysis column,using 3. 2 mmol / L sodium carbonate - 1. 0 mmol / L sodium bicarbonate 5% acetone as the eluent,with 0. 70 mL / min flow rate,20 μL injection volume and a conductivity detector. Results Sulfites( calculated as sulfur dioxide)manifested a good linear relationship when its concentration ranged from 0. 50 μg / mL to 50. 00 μg / mL,r = 0. 999 8. The minimum detection limit was 0. 54 mg / kg. The spiked concentrations were 10. 0 mg / kg,100. 0 mg / kg,500. 0 mg / kg,900. 0 mg / kg to samples. Relative standard deviation(n = 6,% )was 5. 04,1. 20,0. 56,0. 98,with the recovery rate between 85. 4% - 104. 4% . Conclusion This method is simple,rapid,with high sensitivity and accuracy of measurement,and which is suitable for the detection of sulfites content in food matrix.

Biomechanics effect of screw-rod internal fixation for Tile B2 pelvic fractures / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the validity of screw-rod system for fixing pelvic fractures by comparing the biomechanical behaviors from using screw-rod system or steel plate for fixing Tile B2 type pelvic fractures. Methods The finite element models of normal pelvis including ligaments, and Tile B2 fractured pelvis fixed by different screw-rod fixations (2 screws at fractured side, 3 screws at fractured side and at healthy side), and steel plate fixation were established. The vertical load (500 N) was applied on the upper terminal plate of the first body of the sacrum to simulate pelvis load during double-leg standing, single-leg standing and sitting. The displacement and stress distributions on normal pelvis and fractured pelvis with screw-rod fixation or with steel plate fixation were compared and analyzed. Results Both the screw-rod system and steel plate could effectively fix the fractured pelvis, and the fixation models showed similar displacement and stress distribution as normal pelvis. The largest displacement of fractured pelvis with 3-screw fixation on the diseased side was smallest under each working condition, and its stress level was also obviously lower than that of the other internal fixation models. During double-leg standing, compared with 2 screws fixation, 3 screws at healthy side fixation, and steel plate fixation, the Von Mises stress for 3 screws at fractured side fixation was reduced by 30.4%, 20.8%, 20.3%; during single-leg standing, the Von Mises stress for 3 screws at fractured side fixation was reduced by 31.8%,25.4%,18.5%; during sitting, the Von Mises stress for 3 screws at fractured side fixation is reduced by -6.5%,28.0%,61.1%,respectively. Conclusions The screw-rod system can fix Tile B2 pelvic fracture effectively, especially for 3-screw fixation on the fractured side. The results can provide the theory basis for clinical treatment of pelvic fracture.

Biomechanics and imaging evaluation on stable structure of pelvis / 中国骨伤

The treatment of difficulty and prognosis of pelvic fracture are directly related to the pelvic girdle stability. Diagnosis of pelvic fracture is mainly imaging manifestations based on biomechanics of pelvic anatomy. With the progress of biomechanics experiment technology, previousopinion has changed, such as separation of symphysis pubis 2.5 cm could not be seen as distinguishing feature of type I and II for anterior-posterior compression;displacement of sacroilliac joints less than 1 cm could cause loss of vertical stability;lateral extrusion could also cause vertical instability;part description of Young-Burgess classification is not suitable for experiment results;ligament plays an important role in restricting displacement and having proprioceptors;SPECT-CT could improve sensitivity of diagnosis, but could not evaluate stability of pelvic fractures precisely.

Pathophysiological mechanisms of restenosis after carotid artery stenting / 国际脑血管病杂志

Carotid artery stenting is one of the main methods for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis.However,as a severe complication after stenting,restenosis has restricted its clinical application to a certain extent.At present,the pathogenesis of restenosis after stenting is not very clear.More and more studies have shown that it may be associated with vascular endothelial injury,platelet aggregation,and inflammatory response.This article reviews the pathophysiological mechanisms of restenosis alter stenting.

Comparison of the effect of total hip arthroplasty through mini invasive direct anterior approach during learning curve period and posterolateral approach for the treatment of femoral head necrosis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare clinical results of treating femoral head necrosis staged Ficat III or IV with total hip arthroplasty (THA) between mini invasive direct anterior approach (DAA) and posterolateral approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2008 to December 2009, 48 patients with femoral head necrosis staged Ficat III or IV treated with THA were compared and analyzed. There were 21 patients in mini invasive direct anterior approach group including 11 males and 10 females with an average age of (65.2±4.3) years old;while there were 27 patients in posterolateral approach group including 16 males and 11 females with an average age of (63.6±4.0) years old. Operative time, blood loss during operation, bed rest time and complications of two groups were observed and compared. Acetabular abduction and stem shaft angle were measured 1 month after operation and compared between two groups. Postoperative Harris Hip scoring and VAS scoring were applied for evaluating hip function and pain at 1, 6 months and 5 years after operation respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for 48 to 73 months with an average of 60.4 months. Operative time, blood loss in DAA group was (78.30±5.08) min, (351.30±21.46) ml, respectively, in posterolateral approach group was (75.61±10.60) min, (362.20±26.15) ml, and no significant differences between two groups. Bed rest time in DAA group was (2.05±1.10) days, better than that of in posterolateral approach which was (3.30±1.35) days. No significant differences were found between two groups in acetabular abduction and stem shaft angle at 1 month after operation. There was no significant differences between two groups in HHS and VAS score at 1, 6 months and 5 years after operation. There was 1 case with injury of ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery, 1 case with great trochanter fracture and 1 case with superficial infection in DAA group, 1 case with dislocation in posterolateral group. No prosthesis loosening occurred in two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both DAA and posterolateral approach are effective in treating femoral head necrosis staged Ficat III or IV, and could obtain excellent outcomes. However, DAA seemed to has disadvantage in learing curve compared posteriolateral approach in complex cases.</p>

Treatment of distal femur nonunion with bone defect by less invasive stabilization system and fibular strut graft / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effects of less invasive stabilization system distal femur (LISS-DF) combined with fibular struts graft for distal femur nonunions and bone defects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 12 patients with distal femur nonunion and bone defect were underwent revision operation with locked plating, plus a nonvascularized autologous fibular strut bone graft from June 2007 to September 2014, including 10 males and 2 females with an average age of (56.2±14.1) years old ranging from 30 to 77 years old. The mean time from the initial trauma to the last revision operation was (16.4±5.5) months (ranged from 9 to 26 months). All cases were atrophic nonunions according to Weber-Cech classification and type B1 (bone loss) according to Paley classification. All patients were followed up and evaluated with clinical and imaging results. The KSS (American Knee Society Score) scores including knee clinical score and knee functional score were compared before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 12 to 17 months with an average of (13.7±1.9) months. All nonunions healed with an average time of (6.2±1.3) months (ranged from 4 to 8 months). The average range of movement (ROM) of the knee was improved from (67.1±29.6)° preoperatively to (102.5±13.6)° at the last follow up. KSS scores including knee pain, range of motion, clinical and functional score were significantly different before and after operation. No such complications as infection, hardware loosening or breakage occurred postoperatively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LIFF-DF fixation and autologous fibular strut bone graft facilitated the successful treatment of distal femur nonunions with bone defects.</p>

Establishment and validation of finite element model for pelvis artery injury under impacts / 医用生物力学

Objective To construct and validate a 3D finite element model of pelvis-femur-soft tissue complex including artery, and investigate the mechanical response of pelvis artery under side impact loads. Methods The 3D finite element model of the pelvis-femur-soft tissue complex was constructed from CT images of one female volunteer, including bone tissues, arteries, enveloping soft tissues, cartilage and ligaments of the pelvic joints (sacroiliac joint, hip joint and pubic symphysis). The whole model utilized linear elastic solid elements to simulate bone tissues. Nonlinear elastic connector elements were employed to represent ligaments. Soft tissues, including the cartilage, enveloping soft tissues and arteries, were modeled as solid elements with hyper-elastic material. Side impact was conducted on the complex with impact mass of 22.1 kg at the impact velocity of 3.13 and 5 m/s, respectively, and the output of the complex model was then recorded. Results Simulation results matched the results of pelvic side impact experiments reported in literature. When the complex model was impacted at the velocity of 3.31 and 5 m/s, respectively, the maximum equivalent stress of arteries was 98 and 216 kPa, and the maximum principle strain was 14.9% and 20%, respectively. The risk of artery injury was relatively low. Conclusions This established pelvis-femur-artery complex model was validated and thus reliable to be used for investigating the dynamical response and injury analysis on pelvis artery under impact loads, and provides some biomechanical foundation for predicting artery injuries.

Relationship between mineral density and elastic modulus of human cancellous bone / 医用生物力学

Objective To measure the cancellous bone mineral density and axial elastic modulus from multiple anatomic sites, then build the constitutive equation between them, so as to provide specific data for finite element modeling of Chinese people. Methods Ten fresh adult cadavers were taken as sample sources. In every fresh cadaver, 5 different anatomic sites were selected: proximal tibia, greater trochanter, femoral neck, humeral head and lumbar vertebra. The raw samples were processed into standard specimens, which were approximately 6 mm in diameter and 30 mm or 40 mm in length. Both the size and volume for the cancellous bone specimens were measured, and their mineral densities were obtained with computed tomography. The mechanical properties of such specimens were tested with biomechanical testing machine for analyzing the elastic modulus of the cancellous bone at different anatomic sites. The linear and power regression between mineral density and axial elastic modulus were analyzed on SPSS 18.0. Results A total of 169 cancellous bone specimens which were availably tested were collected, including 52 proximal tibia, 31 greater trochanter, 15 femoral neck, 17 humeral head and 54 lumbar vertebrae. The analysis on measurement results showed that the mineral density and axial elastic modulus in cancellous bones from 5 anatomic sites were different, and had a solid linear relationship (0.850>r2>0.785), with 3 sites (proximal tibia, greater trochanter, lumbar vertebra) showing a solid power correlation (0.871>r2>0.825), and the other 2 sites (humeral head and femoral neck) showing relatively weak power correlation (0.671>r2>0.643). Conclusions There are solid linear and power relationship between mineral density and axial elastic modulus, while no significant difference is proved between the r2 values of the two regressions in this research. This discovery can be applied to detect patients’ bone quality in vitro and identify the precise position of bone loss, and further to predict fracture risk with the help of finite element modeling.

Effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on liver drug metablic enzyme activity, mRNA and protein expressions in rats / 中国中药杂志

To study the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on liver drug metabolic enzyme activity, mRNA and protein expressions in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups. After administration of the test drugs, their liver microsomes, liver total RNA and total protein were extracted to detect the regulating effect of PNS on liver drug metabolic enzyme activity-related subtype enzymatic activity, mRNA and protein expression by substrate probe, quantitative PCR and Western Blot technology. The result of this experiment was that PNS could significantly induce CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity, mRNA expression, CYP2E1 protein expression level. PNS significantly induced CYP3A mRNA expression, but with no significant effect in CYP3A enzyme activity level. PNS had no significant effect CYP1A1 and CYP2B mRNA expressions and enzyme activity levels. PNS had selective regulations on different P450 subtypes, and the major subtypes were CYP1A2 and CYP2E1. In clinical practice, particularly in the combination with CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 metabolism-related drugs, full consideration shall be given to the possible drug interactions in order to avoid potential toxic and side effects. Meanwhile, whether the induction effect of CYP2E1 gets involved in ginsenoside's effect incavenging free radicals deserves further studies.

Biomechanical effects on sacroiliac fusion for treating low back pain / 医用生物力学

Objective Based on the finite element method, both sacroiliac fusion and sacroiliac contact models were built to compare the biomechanical differences between the two models and to explore the biomechanical mechanism in the treatment of low back pain by sacroiliac fusion. Methods Two pelvic finite element models were constructed, including the pelvic ring, sacrum, part of the femur, ligaments, cartilage and joint contact. The sacroiliac joints were set to be contact in one model and fusion in the other, respectively. Differences in mechanical conduction on the pelvic ring and the stress on the sacroiliac cartilage under 500 N load between the two models were explored. Results For the fusion model, stresses and displacement on the sacroiliac joint were significantly lower than that of the contact model, especially on the sacroiliac cartilage, where the displacement was reduced by 261% from 0.83 mm to 0.23 mm, and the stresses reduced by 32% from 6.6 MPa to 5.0 MPa. However, the transfer of stress on the pelvic ring was relatively more concentrated in the fusion model. Conclusions Sacroiliac fusion may provide better therapeutic effects on the treatment of low back pain, but the risk of disc herniation and femoral head necrosis must be assessed seriously in advance.

Construction of anti-VEGFR-2 IgG1 like human antibody and its expression in CHO-k cells / 药学学报

Anti-angiogenesis mechanism plays a vital role in tumor targeting immunotherapy. Based on the amino acid sequence of an anti-VEGFR-2 scFv-Fc fusion antibody (AK404R-Fc), this article is aimed to generate an anti-VEGFR-2 human IgG1-like full length antibody (Mab-04). Firstly, the light chain (L-chain) and heavy chain (H-chain) were obtained by overlap PCR and then linked to eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1, separately. The recombinant plasmids (pcDNA3.1-L-chain and pcDNA3.1-H-chain) were then co-transfected into CHO-k cells using liposome transient transfection. Subsequently, Mab-04 antibody was expressed and purified by Protein A affinity chromatography. Western blotting was applied to identify the expression of Mab-04 and its affinity was detected by ELISA assay. DNA sequencing revealed the successful construction of recombinant plasmids and Western blotting assay proved the successful expression of full-length antibody (1 microg x mL(-1)). Finally, ELISA assay illustrated that the binding of the antibody to its antigen was in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50: 50 nmol x L(-1)). These outcomes above indicated that Mab-04 was successfully expressed and assembled, which laid the foundation for further preparation and antineoplastic activity study.

Study on preparation process of artesunate polylactic acid microspheres / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the preparation process and in vitro release behavior of artesunate polylactic acid microspheres, in order to prepare an artesunate polylactic acid (PLA) administration method suitable for hepatic arterial embolization. With PLA as the material and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the emulsifier, O/W emulsion/solvent evaporation method was adopted to prepare artesunate polylactic acid microspheres, and optimize the preparation process. With drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency and particle size as indexes, a single factor analysis was made on PLA concentration, PVA concentration, drug loading ratio and stirring velocity. Through an orthogonal experiment, the optimal processing conditions were determined as follows: PLA concentration was 9. 0% , PVA concentration was 0. 9% , drug loading ratio was 1:2 and stirring velocity was 1 000 r x min(-1). According to the verification of the optimal process, microsphere size, drug loading and entrapment rate of artesunate polylactic acid microspheres were (101.7 +/- 0.37) microm, (30.8 +/- 0.84)%, (53.6 +/- 0.62)%, respectively. The results showed that the optimal process was so reasonable and stable that it could lay foundation for further studies.

Anatomic study and clinical application of perforator free flap in posterior region of thigh / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To study how design and harvest perforating artery free flaps in posterior region of thigh based on research of the anatomical features and distribution regularities of those perforating artery.Methods Using 8 fresh bodies specimen with latex leaded perfusion of inferior gluteal area to study perforator artery anatomy structure and distribution of rear thigh.Screen the fitting perforator arteries for perforator free flap both in caliber and length.Total 7 cases were performed with perforator free flap in posterior thigh,the flap size:from 3 cm × 8 cm-8 cm × 16 cm,and the first perforating artery flap carried out in 4 cases,the second perforating artery flap in 2 cases,the third perforating artery flap in Ⅰ case.Results Anatomic study showed that perforating artery suitable for free flap in this area were in teams of 4 to 5,the average diameter were in range of 0.4 to 2.8 mm,the average length was 2.2-9.0 cm.Seven cases had been applied with perforator flap and all survived.Followed-up from 5 to 11 months,the wounds repaired by the perforator flap of posterior thigh presented fine elasticity,thin flap,beautiful appearance.Conclusion The distribution,length and diameter of perforating artery in posterior region of thigh are suitable for perforator free flap.Being hidden,direct close the posterior region of thigh expected to acchive satisfactory clinical effects.